CXCL8 and malaria: Despite the down-modulation of TLR2 and TLR4, stimulation with TLR agonists increased the levels of IL-8 produced by neutrophils (Figure 3B) from malaria patients before (medium versus LPS, p = 0.0010 or Pam, p = 0.0024) and after treatment (medium vs LPS, p = 0.0002; or Pam, p = 0.0017).