In the present study, we found that during cystitis about 75% CGRP cells (Figure 5A) expressed phospho-CREB (Figure 5B) in the L6 DRG (Figure 5A-C, yellow arrows); CGRP and phospho-CREB were also co-expressed in bladder afferent neurons in the L6 DRG (Figure 5D-G, yellow arrows). This evidence concerns the gene CREB1 and cystitis.