When the p-values are more extreme for the quadratic function compared to the IBS or linear kernel as is the case for IL6 block 1 in AAs or VEGFA block 2 in EAs, it suggests that the SNPs in the associated haplotype may associate with the phenotype predominantly through significant interaction terms, since this kernel incorporates 2-way interactions and quadratic main effects. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is irritable bowel syndrome.