Although this approach led to the approval of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) erlotinib in second and third line NSCLC [59,60], this was not reflected in the negative, front-line pivotal phase III trials combining EGFR TKIs gefitinib and irressa with chemotherapy in unselected populations [61-64]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.