The DNMT1 activity is increased up to 3-folds higher in PCa tissues and cell lines than in BPH tissues and cell lines.[78] DNMT2 and DNMT3a are increased in the LnCaP-r (hormone refractory PCa) than in the androgen-sensitive parent cells (LNCaP) which suggests that changes in the methylation status may be involved in the androgen-independent progression of PCa. The gene discussed is DNMT3A; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.