UPR might also be involved in the conversion of dry AMD to the wet form through angiogenesis stimulated by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) released from retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells.154 UPR has also been implicated in the early onset form of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) which is the leading indication for corneal transplantation.155 Among other diseases that might be linked to ER stress, investigators have reported the activation of UPR by cataract-associated αA-crystallin156 and collagen IV157 mutations in animal models. Here, VEGFA is linked to dry age related macular degeneration.