TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: After stimulation of TLR-7, a similar analysis of SLE and healthy subjects showed induction of IFN-α and TNF-α in 0.4% (± 0.6) and 0.9% (± 1.1) of monocytes, 1% (± 1.6) and 0.1% (± 0.1) of B cells, 0.8% (± 1.3) and 0.4% (± 0.5) of mDCs, and 4.8% (± 5) and 5.5% (± 4.2) of pDCs (Figure 1B).