VEGFA and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma: Pancreatic carcinoma is not a grossly vascular tumor; however, it overexpresses multiple mitogenic growth factors that are also angiogenic, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor B chain (PDGF-BB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).