VEGFA and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma: Although agents that target the VEGF signaling pathway have been shown to inhibit tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis [5], treating advanced pancreatic carcinoma patients with axitinib—a selective inhibitor of VEGF receptors 1, 2, and 3—in combination with gemcitabine was not found to improve overall survival in a phase 3 trial [6].