It is conceivable that high IL-10 levels could contribute to the resolution of the Aspergillus induced pulmonary inflammation, but high IL-10 concentrations have also been associated with development of invasive aspergillosis in non-neutropenic immunocompromised patients and with colonization with A. fumigatus and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cystic fibrosis [26]. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is cystic fibrosis.