Induction of transcription factors STAT1, IRF1, IRF5 and 7 also correlates with our previous finding in which the ependyma was found to express high levels of TLR7 during infection[54] and is in agreement with the study in which IFNγ administration in rats by intravenous infusion led to induction of MHC class II in various cells including the ependyma[55]. Here, IRF1 is linked to infection.