Two polymorphisms, ESR1 c.30 T > C (rs2077647, previously reported T29C, exon 1) and c.453-397 T > C (rs2234693, previously reported IVS1 T-401 C, intron 1), which were identified as haplotype tagging SNPs, influence the susceptibility to persistent HBV infection [19], HBV-related liver cirrhosis [20] and hepatocellular carcinoma [21]. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.