TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: These reports, together with our results, demonstrated that a lack of physiological functions of FUS or TDP-43 in the nucleus is sufficient for induction of locomotive dysfunction and motoneuron degeneration, which recapitulate the phenotypes of ALS, and they therefore imply that the loss of physiological FUS functions are sufficient for the development of pathogenic processes similar to those that occur in FUS- or TDP-43-related ALS/FTLD, in the absence of cytosolic aggregates that may be toxic to motoneurons in ALS/FTLD.