PNPLA3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Next, the risk of type 2 diabetes was examined and the PNPLA3 148M allele was also associated with a significantly higher risk of type 2 diabetes at baseline after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI (O.R. 1.09, 95% C.I. 1.01-1.39, P = 0.040, Panel B, Table S3).