VCL and pterygium: In our experiments, doxycycline treatment decreased the expression of multiple members involved in the interaction between the cell and the extracellular membrane, including ligands such as laminin 1, laminin 5, and THBS1, integrins such as β1 and ErbB3, intracellular mediators such as vinculin, GAB1, PI3K p85, and EIF4E3, suggesting that anoikis may be another mechanism by which doxycycline exerts its actions on pterygium cells.