In summary, in this study we demonstrate for the first time the involvement of miR-337-3p in modulating drug resistance of lung cancer cells and define a novel regulatory pathway modulating paclitaxel response in lung cancer cells mediated by miR-337-3p down-regulation of STAT3 and RAP1A, which has potential significance for the prediction and improvement of therapeutic response to taxane treatment in NSCLCs. Here, RAP1A is linked to lung cancer.