In addition, the tumor-adjacent endometrium, including mostly atypical hyperplasia, expresses higher level of IGF-1 and IGF-2 mRNA than EAC, further suggesting that IGF-1 and IGF-2 may play a role in the transformation to atypical hyperplasia, but the transformation from atypical hyperplasia into tumor may be IGF-independent. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is neoplasm.