APOBEC3A and HIV-1 infection: Until recently, the role of A3A in HIV-1 inhibition was unappreciated outside of two significant observations: the first being a correlation between its expression in monocytes and the susceptibility of these cells to HIV-1 infection, and the second was that expression of A3A was confined to cells of the myeloid lineage and this expression was positively regulated by INF-α [60–62].