IL-8 stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and the autocrine activation of VEGF Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in EC by activating NFκB thus promoting pro-inflammatory angiogenesis, which has been associated with increased adventitial neovascularization and IH [42]–[44]. Here, KDR is linked to isolated hemihyperplasia.