Finally, our report of baseline increases and experimentally induced amplification of OT and/or AVP, as well as our previous data linking GTF2I and GTF2IRD1 in WS social behavior [13], implicates a role for these genes as well as others in the WS deleted region including STX1A, LIMK1 and CYLN2, in the developmental and/or regulatory pathways that determine OT and AVP levels, and consequently, in the human social-emotional behaviors seen in WS [4], [13], [103]. Here, GTF2I is linked to Werner syndrome.