[2], [3] The initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) during TB treatment among those with severe immune-suppression improves survival. [4] In HIV-infected TB patients with CD4 counts less than 50 cells/microL, initiation of ART 1–3 weeks after commencing TB treatment reduces mortality and/or the development of AIDS by 34–68%, compared to initiating ART later during TB treatment. [5]–[7]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and tuberculosis.