NOD2 and Cowden disease: We focused on the three prevalent risk alleles of the nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2; Leu1007fs, R702W, and G908R) and the ATG16L1 T300A genotype out of the ∼100 IBD related genotypes identified thus far, because these loci have been linked to host innate immunity, particularly Paneth cell function, and ileal Crohn’s disease (CD) phenotype [13]–[27].