In the case of acute renal failure, the introduction of MSCs led to a recovery ofrenal function through a reduction in the level of proinflammatory cytokines(IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ) [97].The participation of MSCs in the regulation of the progression of fibrosis has beenstudied in a case of acute renal failure in rats. Here, TNF is linked to acute kidney injury.