While IL-17R KO animals predictably had significantly higher amounts of IL-17 in brain abscess homogenates (Figure 4A), several other mediators were also elevated between 7 and 14 days after infection, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL3 and CXCL1 (data not shown), as well as CXCL2 and CXCL9 (Figure 4B,D). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.