The expression of emr1 (also known as F4/80), a general macrophage marker, itgax (also known as CD11c), a marker of pro-inflammatory macrophages important in the development of insulin resistance [24], and the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tnf, were all significantly increased in HF fed mice, relative to standard chow fed mice (Figure 4). Here, TNF is linked to hydrops fetalis.