Based on these results, we hypothesized that the enhanced invasiveness of both MDCK-T1 and MDCK-T1D cells is partly dependent on TIMP-1 signaling-mediated upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase that is less sensitive to TIMP-1 for its enzymatic inhibition, such as MT1-MMP [37], [38], [39]. The gene discussed is TIMP1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.