TIMP1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: To distinguish whether the TIMP-1 effects on EMT were mediated or not through inhibition of MMP activity, we also generated MDCK cells overexpressing TIMP-1 mutant in which the N-terminal MMP-inhibitory domain was deleted (referred to as MDCK-T1D), as also described elsewhere (Liu et al., manuscript under review) (Fig. 1A-B).