Under these conditions, ∼80% of MDCK-Neo cells displayed a well-polarized, hollow acinar-structure, whereas only ∼20% of MDCK-T1 and MDCK-T1D cells formed polarized spheroids (Fig. 2D), demonstrating a role for TIMP-1 in disrupting MDCK cell morphogenesis. Here, TIMP1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.