Consistent with renal inflammatory symptom observed in STZ-induced diabetic rats with hyperuricemia and renal lipid accumulation, the present study for the first time demonstrated renal NLRP3 inflammasome activation evidenced by over-expression levels of renal rNLRP3, rASC and rCaspase-1, especially significantly increased levels of active form of Caspase-1(P20), resulting in the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared with normal control group. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and hyperuricemia.