PPARGC1A and hydrops fetalis: Notably, that study did find a substantial increase in protein expression for PGC1A in the HF group as a whole (n = 23) over non-HF (n = 19), although it did not find differences in either mRNA or protein levels between the two CM groups that made up HF (ICM (n = 9) and non-ICM (n = 14)).