In CM-specific groups, mRNA expression was increased relative to CTL(n = 6): in ICM (n = 16), TPCN2 (p = 0.008); in DCM (n = 20), TPCN1 (p = 0.015) and TPCN2 (p = 0.001). This evidence concerns the gene TPCN1 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.