In general, the results have corroborated that in Neuro-EPO has neuroprotective properties similar to asialic and carbamylated derivatives of rHu-EPO, and the intranasal administration seems to be related to a therapeutic window period as large as 12 h for the acute manifestations of ischemia in this model, or 18 hours for chronic manifestations [7, 37, 69–72]. The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is ischemia.