After an incubation with recombinant human CCN1 protein at 100 ng/mL for 6 hours, normal esophageal Het-1A cells displayed a heavy accumulation of β-catenin in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus (Figure 1(h)), similar to what was observed in ESCC tumor tissue, whereas in ESCC OE21 cells in which β-catenin was originally expressed in the cytoplasm, adding exogenous CCN1 made it more concentrated in the nuclear areas (Figure 1(j)). Here, CCN1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.