The detection of viral dsRNA and Poly(I:C) in the cytosol is mediated through the helicase family members retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA-5), thus allowing the host to sense directly an intracellular viral infection in a TLR3-independent way[35,36]. Here, IFIH1 is linked to viral infectious disease.