Mimetics of ischemic PC and PostC (diazoxide, erythropoietin, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin acetate [DADLE] and isoflurane) were also ineffective for limitation of infarct size in DM hearts [33,34,37,55-59], confirming that DM impairs intracellular signaling mechanisms relevant to myocardial protection. This evidence concerns the gene EPO and diabetes mellitus.