Memory B cell (MBC) expressed as the mean number of malaria antigen specific SFC cells to apical membrane antigen (AMA1) or merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) compared to total IgG SFC (i.e., ASC ratio) measured in children with (SP) or without (SN) S. haematobium infection and stratified by age group and season (i.e., malaria transmission and dry season). The gene discussed is ATAD1; the disease is malaria.