TNF and Sepsis: In agreement with this, O’Sullivan et al. [34] observed decreased production of IFN-γ and increased production of IL-4 in patients with burns and trauma, while Heidecke et al. [35] found decreased T lymphocyte production of IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ, the latter in early lethal sepsis, and unaffected production of IL-4 and IL-10 in patients with peritonitis.