CYP19A1 and breast carcinoma: The final steps of E2 biosynthesis implicate two principal pathways in breast cancer tissue: the aromatase pathway transforms androgens into estrogens, and the sulfatase pathway converts the inactive hormones estrone sulfate (E1S) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) into estrone (E1) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), respectively, via the action of steroid sulfatase (STS).