The most advanced is a phosphorothioate-modified AS-ODN (Trabedersen, AP 12009, Antisense pharma) directed against the transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), a protein that is massively produced by high-grade gliomas and promotes tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The gene discussed is TGFB2; the disease is glioma.