Further studies have shown that both Ang II and aldosterone, in association with inflammatory mediators such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), are able to stimulate growth and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to vascular hypertrophy characteristic of hypertension [7]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is hypertensive disorder.