GFAP and carcinoma: In this study, we found that JNK was activated at different time points in the spinal cord after intra-tibial inoculation with carcinoma cells; increased pJNK levels were co-expressed with NeuN (a neuron marker) and GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein, a specific astrocyte marker) but not CD11b (microglia marker); a single intrathecal injection of JNK inhibitor SP600125 by lumbar puncture attenuated CIBP on day 12.