These investigations, along with that of the rapalog/PI-103 combinations in ovarian and prostate cancers and previous use of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PI-103 in glioma cells, collectively demonstrate the effectiveness of targeting more than one component of the AKT/mTOR pathway, although the role of autophagy in chemotherapeutic response still needs to be delineated. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and Familial prostate cancer.