After the infection with L. tropica, females of CcS/Dem strains in most cases exhibited more extensive skin pathology than males (Figure 2 A, B), whereas after infection with L. major, skin lesions in males and females of strains BALB/c, STS, CcS-11, CcS-12, CcS-16 and CcS-20 did not differ, whereas males of strains CcS-3 (P = 0.001), CcS-5 (P = 0.001) and probably also CcS-18 (P = 0.043) developed larger skin lesions than females (Table 1). Here, CCS is linked to infection.