Endothelial progenitor cells are elevated during acute myocardial infarction [10], stimulated by hematopoietic growth factors such as erythropoietin [11], granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and by treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) [12] or angiotensin-2 receptor antagonists [13]. Here, CSF3 is linked to acute myocardial infarction.