As with Shigella, rapid production (4 to 24 hours) of IL-17A by the host was observed after infection with a number of bacterial pathogens (S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in the intestine, L. monocytogenes in the liver, Klebsiella pneumoniae in the lung and with Escherichia coli after intraperitonneal challenge) [42], [43], [44], [45], [46]. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and infection.