NR3C1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In utero and postnatal epigenetic modifications that predict end points such as obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension. In mice, differences in micronutrient intake during pregnancy induced differences in the coat color of offspring due to hypomethylation of the 5 ́ end of the agouti gene (Wolff et al. 1998), whereas a protein-restricted diet during pregnancy led to hypomethylation of promoter regions of metabolically important regulators—the GR and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α genes (Lillycrop et al. 2007).