Other avenues explored in rodent models are over expressing endogenous APP, knockout mice, mutations in beta, gamma, and alpha secretase, ApoE, however, it is beyond the remit of this paper to describe all these in detail and the reader is directed toward a database of AD animal models kept by the Alzheimer research forum at http://www.alzforum.org/res/com/tra and two comprehensive reviews on AD animal models from Spires and Hyman and from Duyckaerts et al. [31, 104]. This evidence concerns the gene APP and Alzheimer disease.