LEP and glomerulosclerosis: This includes the role of leptin in activating the sympathetic nervous system and causing chronic elevations in blood pressure and renal dysfunction [2], inducing natriuresis [3] which may result in an increase in arterial pressure so as to maintain sodium and water balance [4], serving as a cofactor of TGF-beta activation, promoting renal endothelial cell proliferation, and subsequent glomerulosclerosis [5–7].