Imbalance of subpopulation composition of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells in patients with different clinical forms of multiple drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis is determined by higher content of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in blood in the case of DTB and is combined with the increase in the number of CD4+CD25−Foxp3+ adaptive regulatory T cells in the case of ITB and FCTB. The gene discussed is FOXP3; the disease is pulmonary tuberculosis.