INS and Alzheimer disease: This has brought up a number of potential mechanisms, including the interaction of insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) in AD and diabetes [42-44]; the involvement of advanced glycation endproduct-modified proteins and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) [45-47], the interference of Aβ with insulin receptor signaling [39,48-52]; and the role of insulin sensitizers in neuroprotection [53,54].