The range of relative TWIST1 overexpression observed by qPCR in our 164 primary human lung cancer samples (range 3–536 fold TWIST1 overexpression) was similar to the Twist1 overexpression observed in our mouse KrasG12D-Twist1-induced lung tumors (range 5–960 fold Twist1 overexpression, n = 6). Here, TWIST1 is linked to lung carcinoma.