In contrast to the aforementioned results, Rocha et al. [67] did not find mutations in β-catenin or E-cadherin genes in a series of PDTC; however, there was altered expression of E-cadherin/β-catenin at the protein level, suggesting that loss of E-cadherin rather than β-catenin mutations is the crucial event in determining the differentiation 'level' of thyroid carcinomas [67]. Here, CDH1 is linked to thyroid gland carcinoma.