TSHR and autoimmune thyroid disease: By far the most common are the autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) [2, 4], which include Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), both characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid with autoantibodies targeting thyroid antigens, including thyroid peroxidise (predominantly in HT), thyroglobulin (Tg) and the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) [5, 6].