Using an independent T1D case-control (4,000 T1D cases and 5,000 controls) and second parent-child trio (n=2,997) cohort, several regions demonstrated convincing evidence of T1D association, including; C12orf30 on chromosome 12q24, ERBB3 on 12q13, KIAA0350 on 16p13, PTPN2 on 18p11 and CD226 on 18q22 [103]. This evidence concerns the gene PTPN2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.