CD4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Our observation that C16:0 and C24:0 activated donor NOD CD4+ T cells differ in their level of protection from T1D conferred upon transfer to NOD.Scid recipients (Fig. 1C) raised the possibility that these two sulfatide isoforms may vary in their capacity to activate and expand CD4+ T cells, and type II NKT cells in particular, as sulfatide is a ligand for type II NKT cells but not type I iNKT cells [2], [5], [9], [32].